Comparing the American Dream of the Transcendentalists with that of The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Comparing the American Dream of 19th Century Transcendentalists with that of The Great Gatsby The American Dream remains viewed as the success which one obtains. The American Dream has had a great impact on literature as well as an impact on the changing of time periods. The 19th century Transcendentalists’ idea of the American Dream focuses on reaching one’s goals by honest, hard work. On the other hand, Gatsby’s idea of the American Dream in the 20th century centers on becoming successful by way of illegal money that was not acquired through working. Ultimately, the Transcendental and Gatsby’s beliefs reveal a great deal of contrast. The American Dream of the Transcendentalists centers on being all that one is meant to be. First of all, the ideas of the Transcendentalists did not revolve around society and materialistic possessions. Transcendentalists felt that â€Å"society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its members†(from Self-Reliance 194). Also, Transcendentalists believed that â€Å"The nation itself, with all its so-called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up by its own traps, ruined by luxury and heedless expense† (from Where I Lived and What I Lived For 212) and for which the only cure is simplicity. In addition, Transcendentalists believed that man should live life to the fullest by seeking to reach their potential. Thoreau â€Å"did not wish to take a cabin passage, but rather to go before the mast and on the deck of the world, for there I [Thoreau] could best see the moonlight amid the mountains† (from Conclusion 217). Seeking to reach one’s potential means that one must â€Å"Absolve you to yourself, and you should have the suffrage of the world† (from Self-Reliance 194). Furthermore, the Transcendentalists sought self-knowledge through the study of nature. â€Å"Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood† (from Nature 191). â€Å"The life in us is like the water in the river† (from Conclusion 217) because some days one rises like the river and drowns out all of ones problems. Most importantly, the ideas of nonconformity and individualism illustrate the Transcendentalist beliefs. â€Å"Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist† (from Self-Reliance 194) shows that every man should have a unique quality that separates him from other men.

Cognitive approach Essay

The cognitive approach focuses on the way information is processed by humans. It looks at how we as individuals treat information and how it leads to responses. Cognitive psychologists study internal processes such as attention, language, memory, thinking and perception. The main assumption of this approach is that in when information is received it is then processed by the brain and this processing directs how we as individuals behave or justify why we behave the way we do. With the cognitive approach it is hard to view its constructions, though, some say that it is an example of theoretical constructs. This means that we cannot directly see processes such as thinking but we can infer what a person is thinking based on simply the way they act. Cognitive psychologists mainly focus on internal mental processes such as memory. Attention is put on how individuals learn to solve problem and the mental processes that are present between stimulus and response. This approach has been influenced by developments in computer science, such that the ideas are very similar. It gets its idea from how a computer works and how we process information. Based on the computer analogy, cognitive psychology is interested in how the brain inputs, stores and outputs information. Loftus and Palmers (1974) study of an eyewitness testimony demonstrates how the cognitive process of a person’s memory can be misled by other information provided after an event. This highlights that memory is a dynamic process which can be influenced by many events such as leading questions. The study also shows that memory is a dynamic process and changes to make sense of certain experiences. When individuals behave in a certain way towards another individual, it is likely that we challenge to understand how the other is thinking and feeling. Baron-Cohen’s (1997) study of behaviour and how it can be influenced by a cognitive process identifies a ‘theory of mind ’. This theory enables an individual to acknowledge grow understanding and respect for the fact that people have thoughts and beliefs that are different from their own. His study challenges to demonstrate that the main inefficiency of autism is a failure to completely develop the cognitive process of a ‘theory of mind’. This approach is different from other approaches in different ways. One way is that it adopts the use of scientific and experimental methods to measure mental processes. Another  difference is that the approach is the supporter of importance of mental processes such as beliefs and desires in determining behaviour unlike the behaviourist approach. One strength of the cognitive approach is that it uses a scientific approach through the use of laboratory experiments. These experiments are beneficial as they are extremely high in control, thus enabling researchers to recognise the cause and effect. In terms of being able to control, when Loftus and Palmers conducted their study they were able to control the ages of the participants and the location of the experiment. Every participant was asked the same questions. Furthermore, experiments such as the one discussed is easy to test for reliability. However, many cognitive studies that are carried out in laboratory settings/environment ca n lack environmental validity. It may be difficult to generalise the results/findings to everyday life if the cognitive process such as memory and theory of mind are studied in artificial situations. A further asset of this approach is the useful contributions that have risen from this approach. Understanding cognitive process allows us to help improve the way in which people execute their cognitive process such as memory or language. The Baron-Choen’s study on behaviour and how it is influential enables us to understand the behaviour of people with mental conditions. Similarly, Loftus and Palmer’s study highlights the limitations of an eyewitness testimony. Though the approach has many strengths, it also has some weakness’, one being that the cognitive approach relates to the validity of measuring cognitive processes. The approach relies heavily on a self-report and observation, meaning, we can only gather/interpret what someone is thinking. http://www.revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/psychology/themes-issues-and-debates/nature-nurture-debate/approaches-stance-nature-nurture http://www.simplypsychology.org/perspective.html Humanism Humanistic psychology is a perspective that highlights the study of a person as a whole, this is referred to as ‘holism’. Humanistic psychologists look at human behaviour not only through the eye of the observer but through the eyes of the person doing the behave. Humanistic psychologists believes that an individual’s behaviour is linked to their inner feelings and self-image. The approach centres on the view that each person is different and unique, and each individual has free will to change at any time in their lives. The perspective suggest that we as indivduals are responsible for our own happiness and well-being. As humans with have an inborn capaticy for self –actualization which is our desire to achieve our highest potential as people. The humanists regarded scientific methods as inappropriate for studying behaviour beacause of the focus on the person and their personal experiences and perception of the world. There are two very influential theorist s in humanistic psychology. These are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Psychodynamic perspective Who hasn’t heard of Sigmund Freud? So many expressions from our daily life come from Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis – subconscious, denial, repression and anal personality to name only a few. Freud believes that events in our childhood can have a significant impact on our behavior as adults. He also believed that people have little free will to make choices in life. Instead our behavior is determined by the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Freud’s psychoanalysis is both a theory and a therapy. It is the original psychodynamic theory and inspired psychologists such as Jung and Erikson to develop their own psychodynamic theories. Freud’s work is vast and he has contributed greatly to psychology as a discipline. Freud, the founder of Psychoanalysis, explained the human mind as like an iceberg, with only a small amount of it being visible, that is our observable behavior, but it is the unconscious, submerged mind that has the most, underl ying influence on our behavior. Freud used three main methods of accessing the unconscious mind: free association, dream analysis and slips of the tongue. He believed that the unconscious mind consisted of three components: the ‘id’ the ‘ego’ and the ‘superego’. The ‘id’ contains  two main instincts: ‘Eros’, which is the life instinct, which involves self-preservation and sex which is fuelled by the ‘libido’ energy force. ‘Thanatos’ is the death instinct, whose energies, because they are less powerful than those of ‘Eros’ are channeled away from ourselves and into aggression towards others. The ‘id’ and the ‘superego’ are constantly in conflict with each other, and the ‘ego’ tries to resolve the discord. If this conflict is not resolved, we tend to use defense mechanisms to reduce our anxieties. Psychoanalysis attempts to help patients resolve their inner conflicts. An asp ect of psychoanalysis is Freud’s theory of psychosexual development. It shows how early experiences affect adult personality. Stimulation of different areas of the body is important as the child progresses through the important developmental stages. Too much or too little can have bad consequences later. The most important stage is the phallic stage where the focus of the libido is on the genitals. During this stage little boys experience the ‘Oedipus complex’, and little girls experience the ‘Electra complex’. These complexes result in children identifying with their same-sex parent, which enables them to learn sex-appropriate behavior and a morale code of conduct. However it has been criticized in the way that it over emphasizes of importance of sexuality and under emphasizes of role of social relationships. The theory is not scientific, and can’t be proved as it is circular. The sample was biased, consisting of middle-class, middle-aged neurotic women. Never the less psychoanalysis has been greatly contributory to psychology in that it has encouraged many modern theorists to modify it for the better, using its basic principles, but eliminating its major flaws. Perspectives Conclusion To conclude, there are many different perspectives to psychology in explaining different types of behaviour and give different judgments. The fact that there are many perspectives shows that human behave is in fact a very complex thing to analyse. A scientific approach, such as cognitive psychology or behaviourism, often tends to ignore the personal experiences that people have. Though, the humanistic perspective does in fact recognise human experience. The psychodynamic perspective concentrates  largely on the unconscious mind and childhood. The biological perspective reduces humans to a group of mechanisms and physical structures that are essential and very important, such as genes. However, the biological perspective fails to account for consciousness and influences of the environment and behaviour.

Comparing Christina Rosettis Approach to the Subject of...

Comparing Christina Rosettis Approach to the Subject of Death in After Death, Remember, Song and Dream Death was a favourite theme of the Victorian writers. Before antibiotics and a National Health Service it was common to die early in life from common illnesses such as tuberculosis and during childbirth. 50% of children died before the age of six in Hanworth, the Bronte sisters village. The Victorians held expensive funerals that were showy and intrigued by the processes of decay, change and growth. Themes such as these are explored in novels such as Dracula and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Many Victorians believed in life after death and also hoped for this. In 1851 a religious census found out†¦show more content†¦These were poorly paid jobs. All girls were barred from sitting public examinations until 1863, and even then The Lancet (the professional journal if doctors) proclaimed: Higher Education will produce flat chested women unable to suckle their babies. In the Victorian period only one in four women married as a huge number of women lived on the streets, begging and pr ostituting themselves. Because of this male Victorian writers had two conflicting images of women. One was the pure, dutiful helpmate and the other was the exciting but dangerous sex object. As time passed on the lives of some women changed due to growth of industry, as this created jobs for them. These jobs were difficult and also poorly paid, but they gave women a taste of life outside of the home. Victorian writers began to explore the real lives of working women, but it wasnt until the end of the Victorian period that womans rights began to develop. In the Victorian society motherhood was greatly admired. A mothers love was considered very important for children as the ideal woman dedicated her life to her family. A lot of women died during childbirth as it was a hazard in reality, sometimes because complications in the delivery but mostly because of puerperal fever. This is an infection we can now avoid by antibiotics. There was no effective contraception in the Victorian period; due to this

Eugenics In The 1920s Essay - 1388 Words

The 1920s were an interesting decade to say the least. The end of the first world war in 1918 spurted social change all over the world, and the United States was not immune to these changes. During the World War the American people suffered an immense amount of emotional turmoil. The end of the war, coupled with the favorable outcome for the United States, shifted the American peoples energies. Especially those of the younger generations, from those of feeling uncertainty and fear to a joyous carpe diem mentality. This led to the emergence of the roaring 20s. The rise of the flapper, a consumer society, and jazz music all epitomized this decade. However, not everyone was on board with these social changes. Typically, the older generations†¦show more content†¦One of the most radical changes of women’s attitudes in the 1920s was the fact that they treated sex in a more casual manner. With this casual sex mentality that women embraced also came the possibility of higher rates of venereal disease. The film â€Å"Are You Fit to Marry?† addresses this issue. Featuring Dr. Harry Haiselden, one of the most notorious advocates for radical Eugenics in the 1900s, the film revolves mostly around three couples and the possibilities that they are not eugenically fit to marry. One of the couples, Claud and Anne, marry despite the fact that Claud has tainted blood. This taint stems from an indiscretion Claud’s grandfather had with a â€Å"working class woman† in which he contracted a â€Å"venereal disease† (Pernick 1996, 146). This disease is passed down the generations, and when it comes time for Claud and Anne to have a baby, the baby is born a â€Å"defective† (Pernick 145). Anne is now forced to make the decision of asking Dr. Dickey (Haiselden) to save the baby or let the baby die. The film then shows Anne â€Å"the revelation of the future† (Haiselden and Lait 1927). She sees her son through all his stages of li fe, boyhood, young adulthood, and adulthood. In boyhood, other kids his age poke fun of him for being different. During young adulthood he becomes a derelict, even attempting to shoot the doctor that saved his life. The vision ends with the man inShow MoreRelatedArticle Abstracts: Concept of Nazism1283 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstood than thought by many people, especially members of the general public that have not examined the issue. Hayek, F. (1944). The Socialist Roots of Naziism. in The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 183-98. In this essay and historical examination, the author attempts to provide an explanation for how Nazism came to flourish not as simply a right wing and fascist element, but through the combination of what are traditionally though of as left-wing and right-wingRead MoreEugenics, The Progressive Development Of The Idea1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"eugenics† derived from Greek with the prefix eu- for â€Å"good† and the suffix -genos for â€Å"birth† is defined as the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race. The idea began to arise in the eighteenth century with the theories of evolution and the discussions of race, which gave an opportunity for some to consider and judge that certain traits and features were better and more appealing than others. In this analysis, we will be focusing on the beginningRead MoreThe Social Darwinism Of The World War I1311 Words   |  6 Pagesstate-enforced Social Darwinism of eugenics. 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Observation ofRead MoreThe Eugenics Movement And The United States1810 Words   |  8 PagesThe eugenics movement in the United States beginning in the late 19th century and extending to the mid 20th century was a biosocial movement, which advocated procedures to improve the genetic composition of the American population. This essay will examine how eugenic ideologies influenced public and social policy in the United States between 1880 and 1950. The essay will first discuss the background of eugenics and how the eugenics movement gained momentum in the United States. Secondly, it willRead MoreThe Journalist, Poet And Author G. K.1781 Words   |  8 Pages Lewis, who discussed Chesterton’s influences on his life and work in his autobiography, Surprised by Joy (Lewis, 1955). His perspectives on English identity, as well as the nature of nationality and social belonging, disseminated through var ious essays and articles in London newspapers (including his own publication, G. 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Next I will examine Foucault’s arguments about biopolitics and show how the role of the state in the Eugenics and biopolitics movements of the early 20th century was essential to the commission of evil. Finally I will focus on the Abu Ghraib prison abuses and how the state not only encouraged, but also legalized the torture of prisoners using the writingsRead MoreHelen Keller: An Idol to Deaf People?2987 Words   |  12 Pagesconsider her to be an inspiration to the deaf and blind due to her success in life. While this information may be factual, why is the rest of her life left out? Why is her political views disregarded? Where is the information showing her support of eugenics? Is Helen really the advocate that we originally thought she was? Was Helen an advocate that believed all disabled people should receive equality? Or were her views on advocacy different? There are many questions as to why our society focus on Helen

Eating Disorders Eating Disorder - 966 Words

Eating Disorders Many people, both women and men of all ages, suffer from the psychological disorder, eating. Up to thirty million people in the world suffer from some kind of an eating disorder. There a two types of eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia, and have several methods of treatment. What is an eating disorder, and what do they cause? Eating disorders are maladaptive and very serious interruptions in eating. They can come in the form of overeating, or not eating enough, they are often accompanied by severe misconceptions about body weight and body image. Eating disorders typically begin when the patient is a young adolescent, but can occur before then or many years after, they may be gentic, or occur on their own. Whatever age and reasons these behaviors start, it is still critical, and the patient needs to seek help immediately. The first type of eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, otherwise known as anorexia, is life-threatening weight loss. There are four main key points when observi ng the patterns of an anorexic person. The first being that the patient will not keep a normal body weight, they urge to get that number to a painstakingly low digit, and won’t bring it back up. That brings us to our second key sign. During this stage, the patient will not gain any weight in fear of seeing larger, mainly three digit numbers is severe cases, or becoming fat. Third, the patient, most often female, has the wrong image of her body. When looking in the mirror,Show MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1205 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders in Today’s World Eating disorders are alive and well in today’s world and they are a major problem. An eating disorder can look like a few different things, ranging from a severe reduction of food intake to over eating to feelings of negativity towards your body shape or weight (Lehigh University). 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Project Execution and Control

Question: Discuss about the Project Execution and Control. Answer: Feedback of posts by Student 1 The forum of the student had started with a systematic and concise definition of the project management. The definition is a brief summation of the various facilities and features of project management for the operations in the organization. The first paragraph had even mentioned the theory of Iron Triangle (or Triple constraints) (Ebbesen Hope, 2013). It defines that the internal and external factors have a deterministic role for the management of various resources. The second paragraph had explained the phases of project life cycle in brief taking reference from PMBOK guide which is a very useful book for the project management. The student had classified the project stages in objectives (functional and partial), deliverables (immediate or time being), milestone of the project, overall scope of the work, and the availability from commercial point (Snyder, 2014). The uses of some example points have been helpful for making the statements more understandable and clear to the reader. As per mentioned by Schrameyer et al. (2016), the examples used by the student for the tools that can be useful for implementing change management in project management are Trello and Office 365. The references used by the student are all valid and they have been taken from valid resources and journals. Some of the references used by the student have been taken from project management journals and articles. The use of proper statement structure and simple words has provided the ease of understanding the posts. The referencing style is APA and it is used at many universities from all over the world. Feedback of posts by Student 2 The student has not opted for usual definition of the project and the project management. However, he had analyzed and evaluated the project and it functions from a sourced journal by Zhang (Zhang Fan, 2014). The student have highlighted the importance of the project management operations by pointing the various functions of change followed by project managers such as budget modifications, materialistic changes, and scope modifications. It has been highlighted in the first paragraph that the there are some aspects and scope that are basically hard to be predicted and hence the change management is required. The configuration change management had been suggested by the student for employing the changes of the project operations (Teller, Kock Gemnden, 2014). The use of careful review of the documents has been passed for the problem of change management and the way to deal with the impact of the change management. The student had shared his/her experience for the tools required for the management of project. The student had used Excel for managing a project when he/she was 18 years old. The references used by the student are all valid and they have been taken from valid resources and journals. The last paragraph had been personified for making people more understandable of the concept of change management in project operations (Cameron Green, 2015). The use of proper statement structure and simple words has provided the ease of understanding the posts. The referencing style is APA and it is used at many universities from all over the world. References Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Ebbesen, J. B., Hope, A. (2013). Re-imagining the iron triangle: embedding sustainability into project constraints.PM World Journal,2(III). Schrameyer, A. R., Graves, T. M., Hua, D. M., Brandt, N. C. (2016). Online Student Collaboration and FERPA Considerations.TechTrends,60(6), 540-548. Snyder, C.S., 2014. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Teller, J., Kock, A., Gemnden, H. G. (2014). Risk management in project portfolios is more than managing project risks: A contingency perspective on risk management.Project Management Journal,45(4), 67-80. Zhang, Y., Fan, Z. P. (2014). An optimization method for selecting project risk response strategies.International Journal of Project Management,32(3), 412-422. Project Execution and Control Question: Discuss about the Project Execution and Control. Answer: Risks when Teams are Culturally or Geographically Diverse Culturally and geographically diverse teams can provide several risks in an organization. Some argue that business is the right place for people to learn about diversity. According to Barak (2016), diversity in a workplace can hamper performance and can facilitate open hostility as in culturally diverse teams strong contradictory opinions exist. On the other hand, in the case of geographically diverse teams, problems occur in terms of working styles. People with different background possess different style of working that can hampers overall productivity of a team. Strategies toMitigate Such Risk The four-T model that includes four elements can be used to mitigate any risks related to culturally and geographically diverse workplace. Those four Ts are training, transparency, time and togetherness (Kirton Greene, 2015). Employees must be trained so that they can understand the concept of diversity. Employees must be given ample amount of time to get used to diversity. They also need exposure to understand each other appropriately. On the other hand, communication and information distribution must be transparent while dealing with diversity related issues (Bond Haynes, 2014). Last but not the least, togetherness is also important that will imply the feeling that all workers are working in the same company and will share same goals and objectives. Quality Assurance and Control Quality assurance means maintaining desired level of quality in a service. In a diverse workplace, if it is assured that quality will be provided to each of the employees without considering their religion, sex, background or ethnicity then any confusion related to diversity will be minimized (Jonsen et al., 2013). Employees will think that there will not be any biasness in the workplace based on diversity. It will encourage them to adapt to the diverse workplace. Quality control is known as a method that makes sure that performed examine adheres to a distinct set of quality criteria (Kundu Mor 2017). If the employees of a diverse workplace are ensured that the management has implemented quality control in the workplace where everything would be transparent then issues will be minimized automatically. On the other hand, quality control methods will also make sure that issues are handled properly using appropriate strategies. References Barak, M. E. M. (2016).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Bond, M. A., Haynes, M. C. (2014). Workplace diversity: A socialecological framework and policy implications.Social Issues and Policy Review,8(1), 167-201. Jonsen, K., Tatli, A., zbilgin, M. F., Bell, M. P. (2013). The tragedy of the uncommons: Reframing workforce diversity.Human Relations,66(2), 271-294. Kirton, G., Greene, A. M. (2015).The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Kundu, S. C., Mor, A. (2017). Workforce diversity and organizational performance: a study of IT industry in India.Employee Relations: The International Journal,39(2).

Computer Security Breach Took Place At Experian or T-Mobile

Question: Discuss about the Computer Security Breach Took Place During September-December 2015- At Experian or T-Mobile. Answer: Introduction Digitalization and technological advancement has occurred at such a pace that it has become difficult for the companies to fight against the ever increasing hacks, simply because with each advancement, the kind as well as the number of hackers has also increased. One of the most stunning and shocking security breach that occurred in October 2015 was when Experian, announced that a business unit of it has been attacked. The contravention is said to have happened on a server which stores personal information of about 15 million customers and applicants of USA on behalf of one of its clientele T-mobile. The hack has happened of both new applicants as well as those applicants whose credit check was yet to be done for the services or financing of the device for the three year period of 2013 to 2015 (Cheng,2015). On investigation it has been concluded that data such as names, addresses, phone numbers, date of birth and some of the encrypted fields such as the Social Security number and the ID numbers which were mentioned in the passports and the driving licenses of the applicants were hacked by the attackers. Assessment Of The Issue On analyzing the said hack, it is understood that the main focus of these hackers were to attack a particular server of Experian that had stored the crucial and confidential information of T-mobile customers and the server which was used to safeguard the information of those customers whose credit corroboration for the two year period September 2013 to September 2015 was to be conducted. The time of occurrence of the said hack was very small and the occurrence of the malafide attack happened within closed doors. Here the hackers focused their entire vision only on attacking the T-mobile data stored server and nothing else (Chabrow,2015). Sources have revealed that Experians Decision Analysis credit information support portal allows entry without any pass-codes to every individual, who are authorized to upload haphazard file attachments of various types without any restrictions and also authentication with regards the creditability of the file being uploaded. It is this accessibility which had given the attackers a prospect to instill malafide and spiteful attachments within the main server. These infused files and attachments caused T-mobile suffer the attack of leakage of confidential data of its consumers (Pagilery,2015). The CEO of T-Mobile took a very wise decision of protecting the customers whose data had been compromised and post the same deal with the security glitches that were present within the Experians network. It has compromised upon the goodwill of both T-mobile as well as Experian. However, T-Mobile has made all efforts to put the blame on Experian alone on whom they had believed and the fact the mobile company is very stringent with regards privacy policies (Larson,2015). But it was very important for T-mobile to counter check the past reputation and experience of Experian in the said task of storing confidential data securely. Solutions To Prevent Such Hacks However there lie various solutions which would help to protect the occurrence of such attacks in future. Some of it are that the entities whose job is to store such private information of other companies should have an upgraded system installed with adequate firewalls so that such a kind of hack can be detected well on time and necessary action be taken before much loss as it is a loss of three entities, the one who is storing the data, the one who is giving its data to be stored as well as the customers whose data have been compromised (Thielman, 2015). Experian should revisit its present practice of safeguarding data and instill stringent and stricter encryption technologies, double validation while entering any data base by the clienteles as we as the staff members, server virtualization should be buoyant and opportune scrutinizing of the system so that such infringements can be prohibited in the upcoming years (Allan, 2015). However, Experian has disclosed that the banking related data has not been leaked and that they are all safe. The company is also sending a written intimation to all the customers who are probably been infected by the attack thus extending them a no cost credit examining service for twenty four months. Warning bells have already been rang into the ears of the consumers so that if they notice any such unusual emails and similar interactions from sources which are not known to them, then the same should be ignored (Finkle,2015). Home Depot 2014- Data Security Breach 2014 is construed to be a year with many severe cyber attacks and security breaches of which some are JP Morgan Chase and Home Depot. The case study being discussed here is that of Home Depot which if not the biggest but is concluded to be one of the biggest breaches. On 8th September 2014, Home Depot declared that its payments card system had been hacked. However the investigation had started on the 2nd September and the company was still trying to analyze the level of impact and the depth of the contravention. As much as 56 million credit card details were stolen that covered a six month period from April to September 2014 (krebsonsecurity.com. 2014). This retail breach has outgrown the Targets breach of 40 million card violation. However as per the company officials, it was a very unusual kind of malware which was infected within the companys system. Assessment Of The Main Issue The main issue that was understood on the said case being investigated was the installation of such a malware which was uncommon and newer to all. After Target hack, companies had undertaken measures to safeguard their data but this malware was something different. Here the main issue was that the attacker utilized a vendors user name and password to enter the system of the network and injected a customized malware to get hold of the credit card details of the various shoppers. Thus here the main issue was the leakage of the vendors security information which led to the attack (Pagliery, 2014). The company failed to learn a lesson from the data breach of Target which had occurred in the near past and continued to use the old methodology of magstripes. Thus it can be said that the main problem here was that the usual way of installing the malware into the self check out registers were not adopted instead the same was specifically formulated in such a manner which would first and formo st elude the already installed firewall. Therefore the said attack cannot be compared to the previous retail attacks as the company had taken precautions to protect itself after the Target breach but was unaware of the fact that the hackers could think of such a different way out to hack as well. Who Were Affected And How The hack had led to stealing of 56 million customers credit card data thus impacting the banking credentials. The attackers, hacked the data of those transactions that took place between April to September 2014. The main attack has been done to the U.S. and the Canada stores of Home Depot. It was understood that the stealers were taking away the card data from the cash registers of Home Depot till 7th September,2014. The company was also equally hit by the said breach as it had hit their reputation and also led to a huge financial loss. The violation led to disruption of the normal business operations and the cost involved would be somewhere around $560 million. Home Depot had lost many of its consumers to the competitors. However, due to the duopoly kind of a market structure in which Home Depot operates, it is estimated that the company would not loose out on much revenue. One of the reasons behind the same is that the company will continue to gain in the benefits of an upbeat US e conomy and housing market. The impact that it has had is due to the lawsuits being filed by customers on them along with the claims being made by the customers for returning their lost money. Home Depot is expected to spend an amount of $3 billion due to the said fraud (forbes.com. 2015). Apart from the impact the said attack as had on the company, it has also impacted those customers whose data has been compromised. They are now scared as to the level of breach and how their credit and debit cards details would be misutilized. They would be unaware of the misutilization until and unless occurrence of the instances. Unfortunately, even if the customers were also affected yet the have no other choice but to visit the Home depot outlets only for buying home improvement goods. However, the only issue is that they have become too wary with regards the usage of cards therefore it has posed a big problem in case of huge purchases (Stempel, 2016). Another major way in which the said hack has impacted the customers is that hackers have got the accessibility to alter the PIN numbers and thus make withdrawals. They have been also selling these stolen data and the personal information of these card holders to the criminal websites internationally. How Was The Attack Carried Out The hack was carried out in a very different manner wherein the attackers had not the usual method of attacking. It is construed that they had used the point of sale (POS) malware to get inside the card terminal of Home Depot. The malware named FrameworkPOS is said to be somewhat similar to BlackPOS. The said malware targets the POS terminals with the help of a Windows operating system. US is found to be more prone to such credit card hacks simply because it is dependent upon such payment terminals that scan the magnetic stripe on the back of the card which gives a way to copy the data to the malware that gets injected within the system. Thus in this case the malware was specifically designed for attacking the Home Depot terminals due to which it could not be found by the age old anti-viruses installed (Smith, 2014). How The Attack Would Have Been Prevented The company had installed Symantec Endpoint Protection which is an anti-virus but had not activated the Network Threat Protection system. Had the same been activated then it would have been able to prevent various intrusions into the systems. Further had the company installed Point to Point encryption technology then it would have encrypted the data during the swipe as well as in the memory. Also very surprising was the kind of operating system being used by Home Depot. Windows XP is the most vulnerable to attacks. Thus upgrading the same to the latest version with adequate safeguards and firewalls would have also helped to safeguard the attack (Hawkins 2015). The segregation and divorce of the POS network from the rest of the corporate network is also one of the most sought after methods of preventing such attacks. Lastly, Home Depot suffered also due to a bad management of the third party vendor credentials. The attackers entered via a specific vendor id and password. Thus they should introduce an identity and access management solution which would help to take care of the identities and access of all the third party vendors as well. Thus the theft could have been prevented here in this case had the system been upgraded and the vendor credentials safeguarded well. Conclusion On a concluding note, it can be construed that due to the non-availability of a good system installed by Experian within their organization, the hack occurred. Had the same was protected well, then such a mishap would not have occurred. Further, even T-mobile is at fault as they had blind folded trusted Experian even when it is a well known fact that Experian had been always a party of such negligence in the past as well. Experian has earlier also had such unprotected systems installed. Therefore, T-mobile should take stringent actions against Experian so that such an occurrence can be prevented. References: forbes.com. (2015). Home Depot: Will The Impact Of The Data Breach Be Significant? Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/03/30/home-depot-will-the-impact-of-the-data-breach-be-significant/#2b2a04f74bf1 Hawkins,B. (2015). Case Study: the Home Depot Data Breach. Retrieved from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/casestudies/case-study-home-depot-data-breach-36367 krebsonsecurity.com. (2014). Home Depot: 56M Card Impacted, Malware Contained. Retrieved from https://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/09/home-depot-56m-cards-impacted-malware-contained/ Pagliery, J. (2014). Home Depot confirms months- long hack. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2014/09/08/technology/security/home-depot-breach/ Stempel,J. (2016). Home Depot settles consumer lawsuit over Big 2014 data breach. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-home-depot-breach-settlement-idUSKCN0WA24Z Smith,G. (2014). Home Depot Admits 56 Million Payment Cards At Risk After Cyber Attack. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/home-depot-hack_n_5845378 References: Allan,P. (2015). Experian Hacked, T-mobile Credit Applicant Data Stolen [Updated]. Retrieved from https://lifehacker.com/experian-hacked-t-mobile-customer-data-stolen-1734117798 Chabrow,E. (2015). Experian Hacks slams T-Mobile Customers. Retrieved from https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/experian-breach-a-8563 Cheng,R. (2015). Data-breach hits roughly 15M T-Mobile customers, applicants. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/data-breach-snags-data-from-15m-t-mobile-customers/ Finkle,J. (2015). Millions of T-Mobile customers exposed in Experian Breach. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tmobile-dataprotection-idUSKCN0RV5PL20151002 Larson,R. (2015). T-mobile, Experian Sued Over Data Hack Affecting 15 Million. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-07/t-mobile-experian-sued-over-hack-on-15-million-customers Pagilery,J. (2015). T-Mobile customers info breached after Experian hack. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2015/10/01/technology/tmobile-experian-data-breach/ Thielman,S. (2015). Experian hack exposes 15 million peoples personal information. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/oct/01/experian-hack-t-mobile-credit-checks-personal-information REFERENCES: forbes.com. (2015). Home Depot: Will The Impact Of The Data Breach Be Significant? Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/03/30/home-depot-will-the-impact-of-the-data-breach-be-significant/#2b2a04f74bf1 Hawkins,B. (2015). Case Study: the Home Depot Data Breach. Retrieved from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/casestudies/case-study-home-depot-data-breach-36367 krebsonsecurity.com. (2014). Home Depot: 56M Card Impacted, Malware Contained. Retrieved from https://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/09/home-depot-56m-cards-impacted-malware-contained/ Pagliery, J. (2014). Home Depot confirms months- long hack. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2014/09/08/technology/security/home-depot-breach/ Stempel,J. (2016). Home Depot settles consumer lawsuit over Big 2014 data breach. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-home-depot-breach-settlement-idUSKCN0WA24Z Smith,G. (2014). Home Depot Admits 56 Million Payment Cards At Risk After Cyber Attack. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/home-depot-hack_n_5845378